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AUDIO GLOSSARY
Glossary for the letter "C":
Click the audio icon to hear pronunciations. View full glossary.
| | cacao 
Mesoamerican food used now to make chocolate.
Cahokia
Mississippian urban civilization active from 900 to 1400 CE with large mounds in the shapes of animals like snakes.
caliphate of Cordoba
Muslim government based in the city of Cordoba on the Iberian peninsula.
campesinos
Subsistence farmers in Central or South America.
capoeira
Brazilian martial art developed by enslaved Africans in the 1500s.
Carolingian Empire
Territory controlled by Charlemagne and his sons.
cassava
Mesoamerican plant with roots rich in nutritious starch; also known as yucca, manioc, and tapioca.
Çatalhöyük
Early settlement in modern-day Turkey, circa 7000 BCE.
celadon
Chinese porcelain with a light green glaze.
Chang'an
Chinese capital city during the Han and Tang dynasties.
chattel slaves
Persons who are the property of another and provide slave labor from birth to death.
Chavin de Huantar
Early Andean city state from about 1000 to 100 BCE.
Chechens
People in Central Asia who are mostly Muslim and fought for independence from Russia after the breakup of the USSR.
Chi Wara
A legendary farming antelope who taught Bamana ancestors to farm and is honored with a ritual dance.
Chiang Kai-shek
General and leader of the Republic of China from 1925 - 1949 who then moved his government to the island of Taiwan; given name Jiang Jieshi, 1887 - 1975.
Chichén Itzá
Mayan palace archaeological site.
Chileans
People who live in Chile, a South American country on the Pacific coast.
Chinggis Khan
Mongol leader who created the Mongol empire, 1167 - 1227.
chinoiserie
Fashion for Chinese themes in western European decoration beginning in the late seventeenth century.
Choson dynasty
Korean dynasty, 1392 - 1910.
Choshu
One of the key domains in Japan which fought to restore imperial rule in Tokugawa Japan, leading to the Meiji Restoration.
cliometric
The use of econometric techniques to study history.
codex
Mesoamerican book that recorded information about astrology, religion, ritual, history, and law; very few pre-Hispanic codices survived the Spanish book burnings.
Constantine
Roman ruler who shifted the capital of the Empire to the east, converted to Christianity, and founded the Byzantine Empire.
Copan
Mayan palace archaeological site.
corvée
French word meaning labor service owed to the state.
Cuzco
Capital city of the Inka.
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